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Pygmalion of Tyre
Pygmalion (also known as Pu'mayyaton) was king of Tyre〔The traditional king-list of Tyre is derived from Josephus, ''Against Apion'' i. 18, 21, and ''Jewish Antiquities'' viii. 5.3; 13.2. His list was based on Menander of Ephesus, who drew his information from the chronicles of Tyre. ((''Jewish Encyclopedia'': "Phenicia" )).〕 from 831 to 785 BC and a son of King Mattan I (840-832 BC).
During Pygmalion's reign, Tyre seems to have shifted the heart of its trading empire from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, as can be judged from the building of new colonies including Kition on Cyprus, Sardinia (see Nora Stone discussion below), and, according to tradition, Carthage. For the story surrounding the founding of Carthage, see Dido.
==Literary references==
In Virgil's epic poem ''The Aeneid'', Pygmalion is the cruel-hearted brother of Dido who secretly kills Dido's husband Sychaeus because of his lust for gold.
In Dante's ''The Divine Comedy,'' Purgatorio, Canto XX, verses 103-105, Dante uses Virgil's version of Pygmalion to represent greed.
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